- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) [X] Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 26, 1998, OR [ ] Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the transition period from to ------------------ ------------------ Commission File Number 0-6217 INTEL CORPORATION (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 94-1672743 (State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) 2200 Mission College Boulevard, Santa Clara, California, 95052-8119 (Address of principal executive offices, Zip Code) Registrant's telephone number, including area code (408) 765-8080 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered NONE Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock, $.001 par value Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES X NO ----- ----- Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [ ] Aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of February 26, 1999 $187.0 billion 3,324.7 million shares of Common Stock outstanding as of February 26, 1999 *** DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE (1) Portions of Annual Report to Stockholders for fiscal year ended December 26, 1998 - Parts I, II and IV. (2) Portions of the Registrant's Proxy Statement related to the 1999 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed subsequent to the date hereof - Part III - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *** Share amounts shown have been adjusted for stock splits through April 1999, including the stock split declared in January 1999. PART I ** ITEM 1. BUSINESS INDUSTRY Intel Corporation and its subsidiaries (collectively called "Intel," the "Company" or the "Registrant") design, develop, manufacture and market computer components and related products at various levels of integration. Intel's principal components consist of silicon-based semiconductors etched with complex patterns of transistors. Many of these integrated circuits can perform the functions of millions of individual transistors, diodes, capacitors and resistors. The Company was incorporated in California in 1968 and reincorporated in Delaware in 1989. PRODUCTS The Company's major products include microprocessors, chipsets, embedded processors and microcontrollers, flash memory products, graphics products, network and communications products, systems management software, conferencing products and digital imaging products. Intel sells its products to original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs") of computer systems and peripherals; PC users (including individuals, large and small businesses and Internet service providers) who buy Intel's PC enhancements, business communications products and networking products through resellers and retail and industrial distributors throughout the world; and other manufacturers, including makers of a wide range of industrial and telecommunications equipment. The Company is organized into four operating segments according to Intel's various product lines: the Intel Architecture Business Group, the Computing Enhancement Group, the Network Communications Group, and the New Business Group. Each group has a vice president who reports directly to the Chief Executive Officer of Intel. Reference is made to the information regarding revenues and operating profit by reportable segments, and revenues from unaffiliated customers by geographic region, under the headings "Operating segment and geographic information" on pages 27 and 28 of the Registrant's 1998 Annual Report to Stockholders and "Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations" on pages 30 and 31, which information is hereby incorporated by reference. INTEL ARCHITECTURE BUSINESS GROUP The Intel Architecture Business Group tailors microprocessors for the different segments of the computing market, using a tiered branding approach, and seeks to develop higher performance microprocessors specifically for each computing market segment. Products in the Intel Architecture Business Group include processors based on the P6 microarchitecture (including the Intel - -Registered Trademark- Celeron -TM-, the Pentium -Registered Trademark- II, the Pentium -Registered Trademark- III, the Pentium -Registered Trademark- II Xeon -TM- and the Pentium -Registered Trademark- III Xeon -TM- processors) and related board-level products as well as the Pentium -Registered Trademark- family of microprocessors. MICROPROCESSORS. A microprocessor is the central processing unit of a computer system. It processes system data and controls other devices in the system, acting as the brains of a computer. Intel's developments in the area of semiconductor design and manufacturing have made it possible to decrease the size of circuits etched into silicon, permitting a greater number of transistors to be used on each microprocessor die, and a greater number of microprocessors to be placed on each silicon wafer. The result is smaller, faster microprocessors that consume less power and cost less to manufacture. In 1998, Intel completed the conversion of microprocessor manufacturing to the - ---------- ** Page references to the 1998 Annual Report to Stockholders or to the Registrant's 1999 Proxy Statement related to the 1999 Annual Meeting of Stockholders under Item 1 in Part I and Items 5, 6, 7, 7A and 8 in Part II; Items 10, 11, 12 and 13 in Part III; and Item 14 in Part IV relate to the bound, printed versions of such Report and Proxy Statement, not to the electronic versions appearing at the Intel Internet site (www.intel.com and www.intc.com). However, all data referred to also appears in the electronic versions. 2 0.25-micron process technology and ended 1998 with all microprocessor shipments manufactured on the 0.25-micron process. One micron equals one millionth of a meter, and the length of the individual transistors on a chip is measured in microns. In 1998, Intel announced several new microprocessor products aimed at the various computing market segments ranging from the value PC (systems costing less than $1,000) to high-performance workstations and servers. Tailored for the value PC market segment, the Intel Celeron microprocessor meets the core computing needs and affordability requirements common to many new PC users. The Celeron processor was introduced in April 1998 at 266 MHz and was followed in June 1998 by a 300-MHz version. Megahertz ("MHz") is the standard used to measure the rate at which a microprocessor's internal logic operates, based on the number of cycles processed per second, with one megahertz equal to one million cycles per second. In August 1998, Intel introduced enhanced versions of the Celeron processor, the Intel Celeron 333 MHz and 300A MHz, which include 128 KB of integrated Level 2 ("L2") cache on the processor core. The memory stored on a chip is measured in bytes, with approximately 1,000 bytes equaling a kilobyte ("KB"), 1 million bytes equaling a megabyte ("MB") and 1 billion bytes equaling a gigabyte ("GB"). Cache is a high-speed memory subsystem in which frequently used data is duplicated for quick access. A second level of cache (L2), located directly on the microprocessor, can also be used to further increase system performance. In January 1999, Intel introduced 366- and 400-MHz versions of the Celeron processor with 128 KB of integrated L2 cache. The Company introduced the first mobile Intel Celeron processor in January 1999, running at 266 and 300 MHz and providing a performance boost for low-cost mobile PCs. In March, 1999 Intel announced the Intel Celeron processor at 433 MHz with 128KB of integrated L2 cache on the processor core. The Pentium II microprocessor, aimed at the performance desktop and entry-level server and workstation market segments, comprised the majority of Intel units sold worldwide in 1998. In January 1998, the Company introduced the Pentium II processor running at 333 MHz--the first Pentium II processor manufactured on Intel's 0.25-micron process technology. During 1998, Intel also introduced versions of the Pentium II processor running at 350, 400 and 450 MHz. The Pentium II processor for mobile PCs is designed to provide mobile users with the advanced performance capabilities of the P6 microarchitecture while meeting power consumption and size requirements. In April 1998, the Company introduced 233- and 266-MHz versions of the Pentium II processor for mobile PCs. In September 1998, Intel introduced a 300-MHz version. In January 1999, the Company introduced the new mobile Pentium II processor running at 333 and 366 MHz as the first Pentium II processor built on a single processor silicon die, with 256 KB of on-die L2 cache, resulting in higher performance than previous off-die cache versions. Specifically designed to meet the requirements of mid-range and high-performance servers and workstations, the Pentium II Xeon processor features high-performance, scalability, manageability and mission-critical reliability. In June 1998, the Company introduced the first Pentium II Xeon microprocessor, based on the P6 microarchitecture core, operating at 400 MHz and available with 512 KB and 1 MB L2 cache options. In January 1999, Intel introduced three new versions of the Pentium II Xeon processor incorporating 512 KB, 1 MB and 2 MB of L2 cache and running at 450 MHz. During 1998, sales of microprocessors and related board-level products based on the P6 microarchitecture comprised a majority of the Company's consolidated revenues and a substantial majority of its gross margin. Sales of these microprocessors first became a significant portion of the Company's revenues and gross margin in 1997. Also during 1998, sales of Pentium family processors, including Pentium processors with MMX -TM- technology, were a rapidly declining but still significant portion of the Company's revenues and gross margin. During 1997, sales of Pentium family processors were a majority of the Company's revenues and gross margin, and in 1996 were a majority of its revenues and a substantial majority of its gross margin. In February 1999, Intel introduced the Pentium III microprocessor. Targeted for the performance desktop personal computer and low-end server and workstation market segments, the Pentium III processor is the first Intel processor designed specifically to enhance the Internet experience and offers higher performance and enhanced multimedia 3 realism for Internet applications. The Pentium III processor core, which is based on Intel's P6 microarchitecture, includes Internet Streaming SIMD Extensions--70 new instructions that enhance the performance of advanced imaging, 3-D, streaming audio, video and speech recognition applications. The 450- and 500-MHz versions, with 512 KB L2 cache, began shipping in March and the 550-MHz version is expected to be available in the second quarter of 1999. In March 1999, Intel announced the Intel Pentium III Xeon microprocessor, targeted to enhance Internet software and application performance for the mid-range to high-performance server and workstation market segments. The Pentium III Xeon is initially being offered at a speed of 500 MHz, available in 512 KB, 1 MB and 2 MB L2 cache versions for two-, four- and eight-way (and higher) servers and workstations. The Company's family of 64-bit microprocessors under development is expected to expand the capabilities of the Intel architecture to address the high-performance server and workstation market segments while still running the software that currently operates on the 32-bit Intel processor-based machines. A 64-bit microprocessor is more complex than a 32-bit microprocessor and requires a more complex system architecture, but it handles twice as much data on each clock cycle. Intel has been working with industry leaders to help them develop operating systems, applications software and systems that will capitalize on the new IA-64 architecture. The first processor in Intel's IA-64 product family, the Merced processor, is expected to be available to OEMs in sample volumes in 1999 and initial production volumes in mid-2000. While many of Intel's OEM customers use the Company's microprocessors as components in designing their own computer products, some OEMs use Intel-designed board-level products as basic building blocks in their computer products. OEM customers may buy at this level of integration to accelerate their time-to-market and to direct their investments to other areas of their product lines. The Company provides board-level products to give OEM customers flexibility by enabling them to choose whether to buy at the component or board level. Board-level products based on Intel's new microprocessors were introduced simultaneously with each corresponding microprocessor product in 1998. COMPUTING ENHANCEMENT GROUP Intel's Computing Enhancement Group's products include chipsets; embedded processors, including Pentium processors with MMX technology and StrongARM - -Registered Trademark- processors; microcontrollers; flash memory products; and graphics products. CHIPSETS. The Company's core-logic chipsets support incremental performance, ease of use and new capabilities for systems based on the Intel Celeron, Pentium II, Pentium III and Pentium II Xeon microprocessors. Chipsets perform essential logic functions surrounding the central processing unit and support and extend the graphics, video and other capabilities of many Intel processor-based systems. The Company's chipsets are compatible with a variety of industry-standard buses, such as the Peripheral Components Interconnect ("PCI") Local Bus specification and the Accelerated Graphics Port ("AGP") specification. A bus is a circuit that carries data between parts of the system, for example, between the processor and main memory. Revenues from sales of chipsets represented a majority of revenues for the Computing Enhancement Group operating segment in 1998. To help enable computer makers to speed their products to market, chipsets are introduced along with the corresponding processors. In April 1998, the 440EX was introduced as the first AGPset designed specifically for Intel's Celeron processor and targets the value PC market segment. The Company introduced the 440BX AGPset in August 1998, optimizing Pentium II processor performance for 3-D and video applications with a 100-MHz system bus. With the June 1998 announcement of the Pentium II Xeon processor, the Company introduced two chipsets. The Intel 440GX AGPset provides 2 GB-memory support for workstations and for servers with one or two processors. The Intel 450NX PCIset for servers with four or more processors provides up to 8 GB-memory support and multiple 32-bit and 64-bit PCI buses. EMBEDDED PRODUCTS. The Computing Enhancement Group provides embedded products such as microprocessors, microcontrollers and memory components to a wide range of OEMs who use the Company's embedded products in a variety of applications, including telecommunications, printers, hubs, routers, wide area networking, intelligent input/output, imaging, storage media, keyboards, point-of-sale terminals and automotive systems. 4 Intel i960 -Registered Trademark- processors provide developers with a family of 32-bit reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors with integrated input/output capabilities. In March 1998, Intel announced the i960 JT processor targeted for markets such as inkjet printers, networking equipment, remote access equipment and high-speed modems. Introduced in October 1998, the 100-MHz i960 VH embedded PCI processor reduces the number of components typically required to design switches, hubs, routers, remote-access equipment and adapter cards for PCs and servers. In October 1998, Intel announced the addition of the 166- and 266-MHz low-power-consumption Pentium processor with MMX technology to its embedded product line aimed at new point-of-sale, industrial automation and networking equipment applications. Intel's StrongARM processors, acquired from Digital Equipment Corporation, are used in applications requiring a combination of low power and high performance with lower silicon and system costs. In October 1998, Intel introduced the SA-1100 StrongARM processor and SA-1101 companion chip to help give hand-held computing devices e-mail, fax and Internet access capabilities. FLASH MEMORY. Flash memory components are used to store user data and computer program code and retain information when the power is off. Intel - -Registered Trademark- StrataFlash -TM- memory, the first flash memory product to store multiple bits of data in one memory cell, expands memory capacity for a variety of consumer and network applications. The Intel Series 200 Flash Miniature Cards, based on the Company's StrataFlash memory, are designed to be used repeatedly without loss of image quality in applications such as electronic film for today's digital cameras. New products introduced in 1998 include the Intel Advanced+ Boot Block flash that improves phone number security on cellular phones and the Intel Fast Boot Block flash that reduces memory bottlenecks by increasing memory performance in embedded systems. GRAPHICS PRODUCTS. Chips and Technologies, Inc., acquired in January 1998, has been integrated into the graphics division of the Computing Enhancement Group. Their product line consists of the HQVideo -TM- family of multimedia accelerators. These graphics controllers provide enhanced graphics, full-motion video and other advanced display capabilities for notebook computers. In February 1998, the Company announced the Intel740 -TM- graphics accelerator chip. Optimized for the Pentium II processor platform with Intel's AGPsets, the Intel740 graphics accelerator chip brings 3-D realism to Intel architecture PCs. NETWORK COMMUNICATIONS GROUP Network Communications Group products are designed to provide network and Internet connectivity solutions for medium-sized enterprise branch and campus offices, small businesses and consumers who buy the products through reseller, OEM and retail channels. These products include hubs, switches and routers for Ethernet networks, Ethernet client and server adapters, and communications silicon components. The Network Communications Group introduced several products in 1998, including the Intel -Registered Trademark- InBusiness -TM- family of networking products introduced in January to help small businesses interconnect their PCs and gain Internet access simply and affordably. In November 1998, Intel introduced the Intel InBusiness eMail Station, a network appliance that provides small businesses with professional e-mail capabilities at an affordable price. In March 1998, Intel announced the Intel PRO/100+ Adapter and the Intel PRO/100 Intelligent Server Adapter products to provide cost-effective network connections for workgroup and high-performance Web servers. In April 1998, Intel announced its first Gigabit Ethernet networking products: the Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server adapter, and the Intel Gigabit Switch. In May 1998, the Company announced the industry's first multi-platform, single-chip fast Ethernet controller, the 82559, designed to eliminate the need for information technology managers to support different networking solutions for servers, desktops, network PCs and mobile clients. In September 1998, Intel announced the Intel 21145 Phoneline/Ethernet LAN controller, which enables multiple PCs to be connected in a home over existing telephone lines. 5 Effective February 27, 1999, Intel completed the acquisition of Shiva Corporation for approximately $185 million in cash before consideration of cash acquired. The acquisition is aimed at expanding Intel's networking product line with remote access and virtual private networking solutions for the small to medium enterprise market segment and the remote needs of campuses and branch offices. On March 4, 1999, Intel and Level One Communications, Inc. ("Level One") announced a definitive merger agreement under which Intel would acquire Level One. The acquisition is aimed at providing advanced networking capabilities through increased bandwidth and functionality through silicon integration. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" under Part II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding this proposed transaction. NEW BUSINESS GROUP In May 1998, Intel announced the formation of the New Business Group to focus on nurturing and growing opportunities in new market segments and to position the Company to serve these emerging market segments. During the second half of 1998, the New Business Group conducted market research and developed a strategic plan to execute to that strategy. The New Business Group also has products for the existing systems management software, conferencing and digital imaging market segments. Intel's New Business Group products currently include the Intel-Registered Trademark- AnswerExpress-SM- Support Suite, an Internet-based PC support service; the LANDesk-Registered Trademark- Configuration Manager system management software; the Intel ProShare-Registered Trademark- Video System 500 videoconferencing system; and the Intel-Registered Trademark-Create & Share-TM- camera pack. MANUFACTURING A substantial majority of the Company's wafer production, including microprocessor fabrication, is conducted at domestic Intel facilities in New Mexico, Arizona, Oregon, Massachusetts and California. Intel also produces microprocessor-related board-level products and systems at facilities in Puerto Rico, Oregon and Washington. Outside the United States, a significant portion of Intel's wafer production is conducted at facilities in Ireland and Israel. In May 1998, Intel announced the opening of the Company's first 0.25-micron microprocessor production factory in Ireland and the conversion of the existing facility in Ireland to the 0.25-micron process technology. The Company also expanded its wafer production facilities in Israel during 1998. A substantial majority of the Company's components assembly and testing, including assembly and testing for processors based on the P6 microarchitecture, is performed at facilities in the Philippines, Malaysia, Ireland and Costa Rica. The Company also performs components assembly and testing at the newly opened facility in the People's Republic of China. To augment both domestic and foreign capacity, Intel uses subcontractors to perform assembly of certain products and wafer fabrication for certain components, primarily flash memory and chipsets, and for production capacity of board-level products and systems. In February 1999, Intel announced that the first product to be manufactured using the 0.18-micron process technology, the next generation of process technology, will be the mobile Pentium II processor. Production of this processor is expected to begin in the first half of 1999. In general, if Intel were unable to fabricate wafers or assemble or test its products abroad, or if air transportation between its foreign facilities and the United States were disrupted, there could be a material adverse effect upon the Company's operations. In addition to normal manufacturing risks, foreign operations are subject to certain additional exposures, including political instability, currency controls and fluctuations, and tariff, import and other restrictions and regulations. To date, Intel has not experienced significant difficulties related to these foreign business risks. The manufacture of integrated circuits is a complex process. Normal manufacturing risks include errors and interruptions in the fabrication process and defects in raw materials, as well as other risks, all of which can affect 6 yields. A substantial decrease in yields would result in higher manufacturing costs and the possibility of not being able to produce a sufficient volume of good units to meet demand. EMPLOYEES At December 26, 1998, the Company employed approximately 64,500 people worldwide. SALES Most of Intel's products are sold or licensed through sales offices located near major concentrations of users throughout the United States, Europe, Japan, Asia-Pacific and other parts of the world. The Company also uses industrial and retail distributors and representatives to distribute its products both within and outside of the United States. Typically, distributors handle a wide variety of products, including those competitive with Intel products, and fill orders for many customers. Most of Intel's sales to distributors are made under agreements allowing for price protection and/or the right of return on unsold merchandise. Sales representatives generally do not offer directly competitive products but may carry complementary items manufactured by others. Representatives do not maintain a product inventory; instead, their customers place large orders directly with Intel and are referred to distributors for smaller orders. Intel sold products to more than 1,000 customers worldwide in 1998. Sales to Compaq Computer Corporation and Dell Computer Corporation in 1998 represented 13% and 11% of total revenues, respectively. A majority of the sales to these two customers consisted of Intel Architecture Business Group products, but they also purchased products from other groups, including products from the Computing Enhancement Group. No other customer accounted for more than 10% of total revenues. Sales to the Company's five largest customers accounted for approximately 42% of total revenues. Reference is made to the information regarding revenues and operating profit by reportable segments and revenues from unaffiliated customers by geographic region under the heading "Operating segment and geographic information" on pages 27 and 28 of the Registrant's 1998 Annual Report to Stockholders, which information is hereby incorporated by reference. BACKLOG Intel's sales are primarily made pursuant to standard purchase orders for delivery of standard products. Intel has some agreements that give a customer the right to purchase a specific number of products during a specified time period. Although not generally obligating the customer to purchase any particular number of such products, some of these agreements do contain billback clauses. Under these clauses, customers who do not purchase the full volume agreed to are liable for billback on previous shipments up to the price appropriate for the quantity actually purchased. As a matter of industry practice, billback clauses are difficult to enforce. The quantity actually purchased by the customer, as well as the shipment schedules, are frequently revised during the agreement term to reflect changes in the customer's needs. In light of industry practice and experience, Intel does not believe that such agreements are meaningful for determining backlog amounts. Intel believes that only a small portion of its order backlog is noncancellable and that the dollar amount associated with the noncancellable portion is not material. Therefore, Intel does not believe that backlog as of any particular date is indicative of future results. COMPETITION The Company competes in different market segments to various degrees on the basis of functionality, quality, performance, availability and price. Intel is engaged in a rapidly advancing field of technology in which its ability to compete depends upon its ability to improve its products and processes, develop new products to meet changing customer requirements and to reduce costs. Prices decline rapidly in the semiconductor industry as unit volumes grow, as competition develops and as production experience is accumulated. Many companies compete with Intel in the various computing market segments and are engaged in the same basic fields of activity, including research and development. Both foreign and domestic, these competitors range in size from large multinationals to smaller companies competing in specialized market segments. 7 The Company's financial results are substantially dependent on sales of microprocessors by the Intel Architecture Business Group and to a lesser extent on sales of other semiconductor components by the Computing Enhancement Group. A number of competitors are marketing software-compatible products that are intended to compete with Intel's processors based on the P6 microarchitecture. The Celeron processor, introduced in April 1998 and followed in August by enhanced versions, competes with existing and future products in the highly competitive value PC market segment. The Pentium II processor and the Pentium III processor, introduced in February 1999, compete with existing and future products in the performance desktop and entry-level workstation market segment. Many of Intel's competitors are licensed to use Intel patents. Furthermore, based on the current case law, Intel's competitors can design microprocessors that are compatible with Intel microprocessors and avoid Intel patent rights through the use of foundry services that have licenses with Intel. Competitors' products may add features, increase performance or sell at lower prices. The Company also faces significant competition from companies that offer rival microprocessor architectures. The Pentium II Xeon processor, and the Pentium III Xeon processor introduced in March 1999, compete in the mid-range and high-end server and workstation market segments with established products based on rival architectures. The Company cannot predict whether its products will continue to successfully compete with such existing rival architectures or whether new architectures will establish or increase market acceptance or provide increased competition to the Company's products. Future distortion of price maturity curves could occur as software-compatible products enter the market in significant volume or alternative architectures gain market acceptance. Intel's strategy is to introduce ever-higher performance microprocessors tailored for the different segments of the worldwide computing market, using a tiered branding approach. In line with this strategy, the Company is seeking to develop higher performance microprocessors for each market segment. The Company plans to cultivate new businesses and continue to work with the computing industry to expand Internet capabilities and product offerings and to develop compelling software applications that can take advantage of this higher performance, thus driving demand toward the newer products in each computing market segment. The Company may continue to take various steps, including reducing microprocessor prices at such times as it deems appropriate, in order to increase acceptance of its latest technology and to remain competitive within each relevant market segment. Intel is also committed to the protection of its intellectual property rights against illegal use. There can be no assurance, however, that competitors will not introduce new products (either software compatible or of rival architectural designs) or reduce prices on existing products. Such developments could have an adverse effect on Intel's revenues and margins. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT The Company's competitive position has developed to a large extent because of its emphasis on research and development. This emphasis has enabled Intel to deliver many products before they have become available from competitors and has permitted Intel's customers to commit to the use of these new products in the development of their own products. Intel's research and development activities are directed toward developing new products, hardware technologies and processes, as well as improving existing products and lowering costs. Intel is jointly developing a new 64-bit microprocessor architecture and software optimizations with a third party. These new products, based on the IA-64 architecture, are expected to be targeted at server, workstation and enterprise computing market segments. The first product, the Merced processor, should be available to OEMs in initial production volumes in mid-2000. The second IA-64 processor is expected to be available for shipment in 2001. The Company also develops "enabling" software technologies, such as open software specifications and software tools, to enhance the functionality and acceptance of the personal computer platform. In the United States, design and development of components and other products are performed at Intel's facilities in Arizona, California, Oregon, Texas and Washington. Outside the United States, Intel maintains product development facilities in Israel and Malaysia. Intel also maintains research and development facilities dedicated to improving manufacturing processes in Arizona, California and Oregon. Intel's expenditures for research and development were $2,674 million, $2,347 million and $1,808 million in fiscal years 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. At December 26, 1998, Intel had approximately 13,500 employees engaged in research and development. The success of Intel's research and development activities is dependent upon competitive circumstances as well as the Company's ability to bring new products to market in each computing market segment in a timely and cost-effective manner. 8 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND LICENSING Intellectual property rights that apply to various Intel products include patents, copyrights, trade secrets, trademarks and maskwork rights. Intel has established an active program to protect its investment in technology by enforcing its intellectual property rights. Intel does not intend to broadly license its intellectual property rights unless it can obtain adequate consideration. Reference is also made to the heading "Competition" of this Form 10-K. Intel has filed and obtained a number of patents in the United States and abroad. Intel has entered into patent cross-license agreements with many of its major competitors and other parties. Intel protects many of its computer programs by copyrighting them. Intel has registered numerous copyrights with the United States Copyright Office. The ability to protect or to copyright software in some foreign jurisdictions is not clear. However, Intel has a policy of requiring customers to obtain a software license contract before providing a customer with certain computer programs. Certain components have computer programs embedded in them, and Intel has obtained copyright protection for some of these programs as well. Intel has obtained protection for the maskworks for a number of its components under the Chip Protection Act of 1984. Intel has obtained certain trademarks and trade names for its products to distinguish genuine Intel products from those of its competitors and is currently engaged in a cooperative program with OEMs to identify personal computers that incorporate genuine Intel microprocessors with the Intel Inside-Registered Trademark- logo. Intel maintains certain details about its processes, products and strategies as trade secrets. As is the case with many companies in the semiconductor industry, Intel has, from time to time, been notified of claims that it may be infringing certain intellectual property rights of others. These claims have been referred to counsel, and they are in various stages of evaluation and negotiation. If it appears necessary or desirable, Intel may seek licenses for these intellectual property rights. Intel can give no assurance that licenses will be offered by all claimants, that the terms of any offered licenses will be acceptable to Intel or that in all cases the dispute will be resolved without litigation. Reference is made to the information appearing under the heading "Legal Proceedings" in Part I, Item 3 of this Form 10-K. COMPLIANCE WITH ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS To Intel's present knowledge, compliance with federal, state and local provisions enacted or adopted for protection of the environment has had no material effect upon its operations. Reference is made to the information appearing under the heading "Legal Proceedings" in Part I, Item 3 of this Form 10-K. 9 EXECUTIVE OFFICERS The following sets forth certain information with regard to executive officers of Intel (ages are as of December 26, 1998): Craig R. Barrett (age 59) has been a director of Intel since 1992, Chief Executive Officer since May 1998 and President since 1997. Prior to that, Dr. Barrett was Chief Operating Officer from 1993 to May 1998 and Executive Vice President from 1990 to 1997. Andrew S. Grove (age 62) has been a director of Intel since 1974 and Chairman of the Board since 1997. Dr. Grove was Chief Executive Officer from 1987 to May 1998 and President from 1979 to 1997. Gordon E. Moore (age 69) has been a director of Intel since 1968 and Chairman Emeritus of the Board since 1997. Prior to that, Dr. Moore was Chairman of the Board from 1979 to 1997. Leslie L. Vadasz (age 62) has been a director of Intel since 1988 and Senior Vice President, Director of Corporate Business Development since 1991. Paul S. Otellini (age 48) has been Executive Vice President, and General Manager, Intel Architecture Business Group since January 1998. Prior to that, Mr. Otellini was Executive Vice President, Director Sales and Marketing Group from 1996 to January 1998; Senior Vice President and Director, Sales and Marketing Group from 1994 to 1996; and Senior Vice President and General Manager, Microprocessor Products Group from 1992 to 1994. Gerhard H. Parker (age 55) has been Executive Vice President and General Manager, New Business Group since June 1998. Prior to that, Dr. Parker was Executive Vice President and General Manager, Technology and Manufacturing Group from 1996 to June 1998 and Senior Vice President and General Manager, Technology and Manufacturing Group from 1992 to 1996. Andy D. Bryant (age 48) has been Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since January 1999 and Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from 1994 to January 1999. Prior to that, Mr. Bryant was Vice President and Director of Finance for the Intel Products Group from 1990 to 1994. Sean M. Maloney (age 42) has been Senior Vice President and Director, Sales and Marketing Group since January 1999 and Vice President and Director, Sales and Marketing Group from February 1998 to January 1999. Prior to that, Mr. Maloney was Vice President, Sales and General Manager, Asia-Pacific Operations from 1995 to February 1998 and Technical Assistant to the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer from 1992 to 1995. Michael J. Splinter (age 48) has been Senior Vice President and General Manager, Technology and Manufacturing Group since January 1999 and Vice President and General Manager, Technology and Manufacturing Group from June 1998 to January 1999. Prior to that, Mr. Splinter was Vice President and Assistant General Manager, Technology and Manufacturing Group from 1996 to June 1998; and General Manager, Components Manufacturing from 1992 to 1996. Albert Y. C. Yu (age 57) has been Senior Vice President and General Manager, Microprocessor Products Group since 1993. F. Thomas Dunlap, Jr. (age 47) has been Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary since 1987. Arvind Sodhani (age 44) has been Vice President and Treasurer since 1990. 10 ITEM 2. PROPERTIES At December 26, 1998, Intel owned the major facilities described below: